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The Rhaetian Railway ((ドイツ語:Rhätische Bahn), (イタリア語:Ferrovia Retica), (ロマンシュ語:Viafier Retica)), abbreviated RhB, is a Swiss transport company, who owns the largest network among all private railway operators in Switzerland. The RhB operates on almost all the railway lines of the Swiss Canton of Graubünden/Grisons, except the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB-CFF-FFS) which operates trains to the cantonal capital, Chur. Inaugurated in 1888 and expanded from 1896 onwards in various sections, the RhB network is located almost entirely within Graubünden, with one station across the Italian border at Tirano. The Rhaetian Railway serves a number of major tourist destinations, such as St Moritz and Davos. One of the RhB lines, the Bernina Railway, crosses the Bernina Pass at 2,253 m above sea and connects with the Italian railway network at Tirano, Lombardy. In 2008, the RhB section from the Albula/Bernina area (the part from Thusis to Tirano, including St Moritz) was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The Albula-Bernina line is the first rail line in the world to be photographed and put on Google Street View. ==History== The establishment of the Rhaetian Railway went back to the Dutchman Willem Jan Holsboer, who advocated a railway line from Landquart to Davos, in 1888. Holsboer founded the Lanquart-Davos AG to initiate construction of a standard-gauge line. His vision, however, could not be fulfilled as the mountainous terrain lacked sufficient space. On 29 June 1888, the ground-breaking ceremony took place for a narrow-gauge railway instead. In 1895, Holsboer changed his company's name to the Rhaetian Railway (''Rhätische Bahn'') to reflect his plans for network expansion. In 1897, a referendum was held for the Rhaetian Railway to bid on operations of the Graubünden/Grisons State Railways. During the years 1907 to 1910, the Rhaetian Railway, in collaboration with the federal and cantonal governments, undertook a large-scale expansion of its network. In 1896, the Chur-Thusis line opened; this was followed by the Albula line in 1903 and the series of expansion projects carried on until 1922. All RhB lines are wide (metre-gauge) and electrified: * (the Bernina railway from St Moritz to Tirano) is electrified at 1000 V DC. * is electrified at 11 kV 16.7 Hz (including since 1997 Chur-Arosa and the new Vereina tunnel). The network contains 84 tunnels (the longest being the Vereina Tunnel, opened on 19 November 1999, and the Albula Tunnel) and 383 bridges. The maximum gradient is 7% on the Bernina railway,〔(Berninaline )〕 6% on the Chur–Arosa line and 4.5% on Landquart–Davos line. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rhaetian Railway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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